{"id":2948,"date":"2006-06-15T17:52:34","date_gmt":"2006-06-15T17:52:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tamayacikel.com\/?p=2948"},"modified":"2023-02-11T14:32:11","modified_gmt":"2023-02-11T11:32:11","slug":"bir-kent-ve-bir-belediye-baskani-2-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tamayacikel.com\/?p=2948","title":{"rendered":"Bir Kent ve Bir Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Curitiba<\/strong>, Brezilya\u2019da bir kent\u2026 Curitiba halk\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en m\u00fckemmel kentinde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar ve bu kenti bilenlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu da buna kat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Parklar\u0131, her k\u00f6\u015feye yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ye\u015fil alanlar\u0131, 90 mile varan bisiklet yollar\u0131, trafi\u011fi d\u00fczenleme, \u00e7\u00f6p ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma sistemleri\u2026 G\u00f6zlemlemek, bilgi almak i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinden ilgililer Curitiba\u2019ya geliyorlar. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n mimar\u0131, Curitiba\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00f6nemlerde toplam on iki y\u0131l, %92 oran\u0131nda halk deste\u011fiyle belediye ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f Jaime Lerner<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Curitiba\u2019n\u0131n tarih, konum ya da n\u00fcfus bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hi\u00e7bir \u00f6zel durumu yok asl\u0131nda. \u015eehir, b\u00fct\u00fcn di\u011fer Latin Amerika \u00fclkelerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, muazzam bir n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131na sahne olmu\u015f, 1950’lerden bu yana\u2026<\/p>\n

Curitiba\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131rr\u0131 \u015furada: 1960’larda, ba\u015ftakilerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015fehrin problemlerini \u00e7\u00f6zmek \u00fczere, bir grup gen\u00e7 mimar\u0131 da yanlar\u0131na alarak kollar\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131yorlar. Bu gen\u00e7 mimarlardan biri de Lerner. Onlar, otoyollar, b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015f-al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezleri, g\u00f6kdelenler gibi g\u00f6steri\u015fe y\u00f6nelik, bor\u00e7-har\u00e7 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek projelerle g\u00f6zleri kama\u015fmayan ger\u00e7ek g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcler. \u00c7evre sorunlar\u0131na ve insan ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na \u00f6nem veriyorlar. \u015eehirdeki h\u0131zl\u0131 n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131na paralel olarak geli\u015fen \u00e7arp\u0131k yap\u0131la\u015fmaya belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n dikkatini \u00e7ekiyorlar. Belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 Curitiba\u2019n\u0131n master plan\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131lacak yar\u0131\u015fmaya sponsor oluyor, kendisi de bizzat \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

1971 y\u0131l\u0131nda Jaime Lerner, Brezilya\u2019n\u0131n o g\u00fcnk\u00fc askeri y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan Curitiba belediye ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na getiriliyor.<\/p>\n

Brezilya\u2019n\u0131n ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak, ucuz, h\u0131zl\u0131 ve kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlere y\u00f6neliyor Lerner. Kent halk\u0131na 1,5 milyon a\u011fa\u00e7 fidesi da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131yor. Ye\u015fil alan i\u00e7eren yap\u0131lar i\u00e7in vergi indirimi uygulan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Lerner, \u015fehrin su bask\u0131n\u0131 sorununu da, al\u00e7ak semtlerde biriken suyu, parklarda olu\u015fturulan g\u00f6letlere aktararak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcyor. Parklar\u0131n temiz tutulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in sokak \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frencileri \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Curitibal\u0131lar \u00e7\u00f6plerini, organik ve inorganik olarak ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorlar. \u00c7\u00f6p kamyonlar\u0131n\u0131n ula\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gecekondu b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015fayan yoksul halk, \u00e7\u00f6p torbalar\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131ndaki semtlere kendileri getirerek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda otob\u00fcs bileti veya s\u00fct, yumurta, portakal, patates gibi g\u0131da maddeleri al\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00f6pler bir merkezde toplanarak cam \u015fi\u015fe, teneke kutu, plastik olarak yeniden ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Buralarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar da sakatlar, g\u00f6\u00e7menler, evsizler, alkolikler\u2026<\/p>\n

Bu sayede hem d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli kesimin oturdu\u011fu mahalleler temizleniyor hem de \u00e7\u00f6plerin ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla ilgili giderler azal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Lerner, yap\u0131m\u0131 ve i\u015fletimi pahal\u0131 yeralt\u0131 metro sistemi yerine ba\u015fka bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretiyor Curitiba\u2019n\u0131n trafik sorunu i\u00e7in. Yeralt\u0131 metrosu kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 ve etkili olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, ondan sekiz kat ucuza tesis ediliyor bu sistem. 300 ki\u015filik k\u00f6r\u00fckl\u00fc otob\u00fcsler \u00fcretiliyor ve \u015fehir trafi\u011finde bunlara \u00f6zel \"\"<\/a>\u015feritler ayr\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\n

Jaime Lerner, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l (2005) Uluslararas\u0131 Mimarlar Birli\u011fi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak, \u0130stanbul XXII. D\u00fcnya Mimarl\u0131k Kongresi<\/strong>\u2019ne kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve kendisiyle bir s\u00f6yle\u015fi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Lerner, \u201cKentler sorun olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor, oysa tam tersine: Kentler \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr.\u201d<\/em><\/strong> diyor.<\/p>\n