{"id":569,"date":"2005-12-22T08:34:32","date_gmt":"2005-12-22T08:34:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tamayacikel.com\/?p=569"},"modified":"2014-10-09T19:23:30","modified_gmt":"2014-10-09T16:23:30","slug":"maske-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tamayacikel.com\/?p=569","title":{"rendered":"Maske"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"H\u0131fz\u0131<\/a>

H\u0131fz\u0131 Topuz<\/p><\/div>\n


\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Enis Batur\u2019un k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde 15 bin kitab\u0131 varm\u0131\u015f. \u201cK\u00fct\u00fcphaneye, kitaba a\u015fk\u0131m var, saklayamam. Ama her \u015feyimi kontrol alt\u0131na almas\u0131n\u0131 istemiyorum\u201d<\/em> diyor. Kitab\u0131n i\u015fgalci <\/em>oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor:\u201cS\u0131rf kitaplar\u0131 i\u00e7in ikinci bir mek\u00e2n yaratanlar bile var. Bunlar varl\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015filer de de\u011fil.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Eskiden k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinin s\u00fcrekli b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini istermi\u015f, ancak art\u0131k vaktinin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bine indirmeyi hedefledi\u011fini, kendini b\u00f6yle bir eleme yapmak zorunda hissetti\u011fini belirtiyor. Bunun i\u00e7in giri\u015fti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce eyleminden bile bir kitap \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f: \u201cK\u00fct\u00fcphane!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

H\u0131fz\u0131 Topuz\u2019un da \u00e7ok zengin bir k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi ve ar\u015fivi, de\u011ferli tablolar\u0131 ve ba\u015fka sanat eserleri var evinde. Kara Afrika Sanat\u0131\u2019na ise \u00f6zel bir ilgi duymu\u015f ve ciddi bir koleksiyon olu\u015fturmu\u015f. UNESCO\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llarda, Afrika\u2019da e\u011fitim programlar\u0131nda g\u00f6rev alm\u0131\u015f; Paris\u2019teki evine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerinde hep ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f bu maske ve heykelleri. \u00a0Afrika\u2019da bile bulamayaca\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131tlar\u0131, Paris\u2019te ke\u015ffetti\u011fi baz\u0131 m\u00fczayedelerden alm\u0131\u015f. Bir de Afrika\u2019dan kendisini tan\u0131yan sat\u0131c\u0131lar, merak\u0131n\u0131 bildiklerinden kendisini Paris\u2019te de bulmu\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Kara Afrika Sanat\u0131 adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda Bat\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131n bu sanatla XIX. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6nceleri bunu ilkel bir sanat t\u00fcr\u00fc sand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczlerindeki maskeler, g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri, heykeller ne eski M\u0131s\u0131r, Yunan ve Roma heykellerine benziyordu ne de klasik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n resimlerine.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bat\u0131l\u0131lar bu yap\u0131tlar\u0131 acemi ve naif yerlilerin, belki de yamyamlar\u0131n (!) yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u015feyler san\u0131yor ve kahkahalarla g\u00fcl\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Maskelerdeki y\u00fczler hi\u00e7 insan y\u00fcz\u00fcne benzemiyordu, her \u015feyi nas\u0131l abartm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 bu Afrikal\u0131lar. Neydi o patlak g\u00f6zler, upuzun y\u00fczler, d\u00f6rt k\u00f6\u015fe dudaklar,\u2026, maskelerden yerlere kadar uzanan sazlar, boncuklarla donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kafalar\u2026 B\u00f6yle sanat m\u0131 olurdu? Ne \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n insanlard\u0131 \u015fu zenciler!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

O y\u0131llarda gemicilerin, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerden d\u00f6nen memurlar\u0131n an\u0131 diye getirdikleri maskeler ve heykeller eskici d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r, uzun s\u00fcre tozlan\u0131p \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fckten sonra yok pahas\u0131na sat\u0131l\u0131r. Buralarda dola\u015fanlar\u0131n zaman i\u00e7inde ilgisini \u00e7ekmeye ba\u015flar bu de\u011fi\u015fik yap\u0131tlar. Avrupal\u0131 sanat\u00e7\u0131larda bunlar\u0131 taklit etme e\u011filimi uyan\u0131r. Hatta \u015fu s\u0131ralar \u0130stanbul\u2019da yap\u0131tlar\u0131 sergilenen Picasso\u2019nun sanat\u0131n\u0131n bir d\u00f6nemine ad\u0131n\u0131 bile verir: \u201cP\u00e9riode Negre\u201d. Picasso\u2019dan ba\u015fka Matisse, Derain, Braque, Tristan Tzara gibi sanat\u00e7\u0131lar da Kara Afrika sanat\u0131ndan esinlenerek bir\u00e7ok yap\u0131t ortaya koyarlar. Ne var ki maskenin ruhu oldu\u011funa inanan Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131n yap\u0131tlar\u0131ndaki manevi i\u00e7erik bunlarda bulunmaz.<\/p>\n

Korku esir alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r Kara Afrikal\u0131y\u0131; yoksulluk, bilgisizlik, ilkel ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, umut ve dayan\u0131lmaz korkular aras\u0131nda gidip gelir. Sanat\u0131 da i\u015fte bu duygular\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Maske onlar\u0131n inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr; atalar\u0131n\u0131n ruhlar\u0131ndan, kutsal ruhlardan, da\u011f\u0131n, ta\u015f\u0131n, \u015fim\u015fe\u011fin, ate\u015fin ruhundan (onlara g\u00f6re her \u015feyin bir ruhu vard\u0131r) g\u00fc\u00e7 al\u0131r. Mistik inan\u00e7lar\u0131n, geleneklerin toplumda ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa iletilmesini sa\u011flar. Yapt\u0131r\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc de vard\u0131r; toplum d\u00fczeninin temelindeki kurallar\u0131 savunurken, bunlara uymayanlar\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131r. Y\u00f6neticiler ald\u0131klar\u0131 kararlar\u0131 maske arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rlar. Maskenin sorumlusu olmak,\u00a0 ki\u015fiye sayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazand\u0131r\u0131r, hem de baz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karlar sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zelliklerine bakarak, maskenin hangi toplulu\u011fa ait oldu\u011funu anlayabilirsiniz; hepsi farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla y\u00fczlerce \u00e7e\u015fit maske vard\u0131r Kara Afrika\u2019da. Maske ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, temsil etti\u011fi kutsal g\u00fcc\u00fcn ki\u015fili\u011fine b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bunun i\u00e7in bir ruhsal e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7mesi gerekir.<\/p>\n

Maske veya heykel yapan sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr; do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7leri temsil edecek yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 yarat\u0131rken mistik bir co\u015fku i\u00e7indedir. Ancak, geleneklere uymak zorunlulu\u011fu vard\u0131r sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n. Yani belli s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde kalarak yepyeni g\u00fczellikler yaratacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6y k\u00f6y dola\u015f\u0131p maske ve heykel toplayan eskici esnaf\u0131 bunlar\u0131 \u00f6nce kentteki b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u00fcccara g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. En de\u011ferli yap\u0131tlar\u0131 o al\u0131r ve Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Amerika\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemli merkezlerindeki ma\u011fazalara g\u00f6nderir. Geri kalan\u0131n\u0131 da ya kap\u0131 kap\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131p satar ya da antikac\u0131lara b\u0131rak\u0131r. Elveri\u015fsiz saklama ko\u015fullar\u0131nda bunlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bozulur, kurtlan\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcr; de\u011ferini bilmeyenlerin ellerinde ziyan olup gider. \u015e\u00f6yle diyor H\u0131fz\u0131 Topuz:<\/p>\n

\u201cKara Afrika\u2019n\u0131n sanat miras\u0131 i\u015fte b\u00f6yle yitirilmi\u015ftir, ama Afrika \u00f6yle bir hazinedir ki ne s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeciler onu t\u00fcketebilmi\u015flerdir, ne de onlardan sonraki sanat koleksiyoncular\u0131.\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n

H\u0131fz\u0131 Bey, UNESCO\u2019daki g\u00f6revi s\u00fcresince (24 y\u0131l) b\u00fcy\u00fck bir titizlikle biriktirdi\u011fi sanat yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131, daha sonra Paris\u2019ten \u0130stanbul\u2019daki evine ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f. Bizim ziyaretimiz s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kat Kara Afrika Koleksiyonu\u2019na aitti. Her biri etiketlenmi\u015f, numaraland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; sanki biraz buruk, ayr\u0131l\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc bekliyordu. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Eski\u015fehir Osmangazi \u00dcniversitesi k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde \u00f6zel b\u00f6l\u00fcmdeki yerine konulmak \u00fczere \u00f6nceden g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fti. Kara Afrika k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f bir insan olarak, y\u0131llarca birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, emek verdi\u011fi maske ve heykellerinden ayr\u0131lma zaman\u0131n\u0131n geldi\u011fine; onlar\u0131 bundan sonra yine ayn\u0131 \u00f6zenle koruyup ya\u015fatacak olanlara teslim etmeye karar vermi\u015fti art\u0131k H\u0131fz\u0131 Bey. \u00c7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fay\u0131p biriktirdi\u011fi an\u0131lar\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 gayet d\u00fczenli bir ar\u015fiv haline getirmi\u015fti. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131ndaki ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan emeklilik g\u00fcnlerinde, bu birikim de meyvesini verdi, onurland\u0131rd\u0131 onu. Bizlere de yepyeni ufuklar a\u00e7acak de\u011ferli kitaplar kazand\u0131rd\u0131, kazand\u0131racak.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte hayat b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey; her \u015fey gelip ge\u00e7ici\u2026 Elde kalan\u0131n de\u011feri ise se\u00e7mesini bilip emek verene ba\u011fl\u0131.<\/p>\n

22\/12\/2005<\/em><\/p>\n

Bizim Sakarya Gazetesi<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Enis Batur\u2019un k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde 15 bin kitab\u0131 varm\u0131\u015f. \u201cK\u00fct\u00fcphaneye, kitaba a\u015fk\u0131m var, saklayamam. Ama her \u015feyimi kontrol alt\u0131na almas\u0131n\u0131 istemiyorum\u201d diyor. Kitab\u0131n i\u015fgalci oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor:\u201cS\u0131rf kitaplar\u0131 i\u00e7in ikinci bir mek\u00e2n yaratanlar bile var. Bunlar varl\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015filer de de\u011fil.\u201d Eskiden k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinin s\u00fcrekli b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini istermi\u015f, ancak art\u0131k vaktinin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bine indirmeyi hedefledi\u011fini, kendini b\u00f6yle bir eleme […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[467],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tamayacikel.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/569"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tamayacikel.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tamayacikel.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tamayacikel.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tamayacikel.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=569"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.tamayacikel.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/569\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5649,"href":"https:\/\/www.tamayacikel.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/569\/revisions\/5649"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tamayacikel.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=569"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tamayacikel.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=569"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tamayacikel.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}